How conservative the Japanese people really is? And the government?

This is a very vague question. But considering the asker’s comment on Mr. Nakajima’s answer, your interest seems to be in sex-related matters (I don’t think it’s the only indicator of conservative/ progressive, though).

They don’t have the so-called “couple culture” seen in many Western countries.

How do you see these below?

Can you write a letter to your first love without mentioning his/her name?

They don’t have the value that “guys must be macho.”

I sometimes feel people from the West are obsessed with those “gender” and “sex” things too much. Let’s think about something else sometimes. It’s unhealthy.

Yaoi

Is crossdressing being a transvestite?

We don’t instantly tie it with sex when a father and his very young daughter are taking a bath together.

Moreover, buff guys are often avoided for their narcissism.

“None of my business” is the common attitude.

What is the dirtiest thing you have allowed your husband to do?

They were very similar to the bromance of today but accompanied by sexual intercourse.

They don’t bring around their mates everywhere, which means they don’t worry about being single, gay, or whatever because no one cares about whom others are having/ not having sex with.

They don’t tease or beat up cross-dressed people on the road.

What should you do if a police officer comes to your house and asks for someone who doesn't live there anymore?

Visual-kei

In the old era, gay relationships were very common and were even praised among the privileged social classes, such as Samurai and monks.

I’ve heard it’s always the male side that is expected to take a move in some countries. It’s not the case in Japan.

AI Uncovers Wild Spin of the Milky Way’s Supermassive Black Hole - SciTechDaily

It’s very common for a girl/ woman to ask a boy/ man to be her boyfriend.